หลักการลดปวดบวมเบื้องต้น RICE

หลักการลดปวดบวมเบื้องต้น RICE

    โดยปกติแล้วหลักการรักษาผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการบาดเจ็บทางกระดูกและข้อเบื้องต้น ที่ครูบาอาจารย์ท่านสั่งสอนแพทย์และนักเรียนแพทย์มานาน รวมถึงตัวผมเองและได้ถ่ายทอดไปยังแพทย์รุ่นต่อไป ซึ่งมีประโยชน์อย่างมากและจดจำได้ง่าย ช่วยลดอาการปวดบวมก่อนที่จะมาพบแพทย์ได้ดีทีเดียว โดยเฉพาะ 24-48 ชั่วโมงแรก ก็คือหลัก RICE ย่อมาจาก R : Rest  I : Ice  C : Compression  E : Elevation เรามาลงรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับแต่ละตัวกันซักเล็กน้อยนะครับ

R : Rest การพัก

    การพักใช้งานของอวัยวะที่ได้รับบาดเจ็บเป็นสิ่งแรกที่ควรทำเพื่อลดอาการปวดบวมเลยครับ ลดการออกกำลังกายตามปกติลง ลดการประกอบกิจกรรมที่ต้องเคลื่อนไหวร่างกายมาก ๆ หากบาดเจ็บที่ขา เข่า หรือข้อเท้า ก็ไม่ควรลงน้ำหนักที่เท้าข้างที่ได้รับบาดเจ็บครับ โดยเราอาจจะใช้ไม้เท้ามาช่วยพยุงไว้ก็ได้นะครับ

I : Ice ประคบเย็น

    การประคบน้ำแข็งหรือประคบเย็นช่วยได้อย่างมากที่เดียว จะใช้อะไรก็ได้นะครับ แผ่นประคบสำเร็จรูป น้ำแข็งในถุงพลาสติกทุบให้เป็นก้อนหยาบ ๆ แล้วห่อด้วยผ้า และอีกอย่างหนึ่งที่ส่วนใหญ่เราไม่ค่อยนึกถึงก็คือ สิ่งที่แช่ในช่องแช่แข็งในตู้เย็น เช่น ข้าวโพดแช่แข็ง ก็เอามาใช้ได้นะครับ โดยวิธีใช้ก็คือประคบบริเวณที่บาดเจ็บ ครั้งละ 20 นาที วันละ 4-8 ครั้ง

C : Compression

    การพันหรือกดบีบ พอแปลเป็นภาษาไทยแล้วเข้าใจยากทีเดียวใช่ไหมครับ จริง ๆ แล้วการทำ compression สามารถทำได้ง่าย ๆ เลยโดยการพันผ้ายืด (elastic bandage) รอบแขน ขา เข่า หรือข้อเท้า เพื่อเป็นการลดปวดบวม หรือใช้อุปกรณ์สำเร็จรูปเช่น รองเท้าบูทเข้ารูป (special boot, air cast) โดยเราไม่ควรพันแน่นมากจนเกินไปและไม่หลวมจนเกินไปครับ หลักการพักควรจะเริ่มจากส่วนปลายมาจนถึงส่วนต้นนะครับ

E : Elevation

    การยกสูง หลังได้รับบาดเจ็บเราควรยกแขน ขา หรือข้อเท้าที่ได้รับการบาดเจ็บสูงเหนือหัวใจประมาณ 10 เซนติเมตรครับ จะใช้หมอนรองก็ได้นะครับ จะช่วยลดอาการปวดบวมเช่นเดียวกันครับ

    ไม่ยากเลยใช่ไหมครับทุกคนสามารถทำได้เอง แล้วยังสามารถช่วยเหลือคนอื่น ๆ รอบตัวเองได้อีกด้วยครับ หลักการนี้ผมเน้นย้ำกับนักศึกษาที่มาเรียนกับผมอยู่เป็นประจำเพื่อในไปใช้กับผู้ป่วยและสอนรุ่นน้อง ๆ ต่อไปครับ

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135 thoughts on “หลักการลดปวดบวมเบื้องต้น RICE”

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ไขปัญหาข้องใจ “โรคกระดูกและข้อ”

กับหมอกสิสิน

นพ.กสิสิน กลั่นกลิ่น
โรงพยาบาลมหาราชนครเชียงใหม่ (สวนดอก)

อาจารย์แพทย์ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านกระดูกและข้อ ประจำภาควิชาออร์โทปิดิกส์
คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่


หลักการลดปวดบวมเบื้องต้น RICE

หลักการลดปวดบวมเบื้องต้น RICE

    โดยปกติแล้วหลักการรักษาผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการบาดเจ็บทางกระดูกและข้อเบื้องต้น ที่ครูบาอาจารย์ท่านสั่งสอนแพทย์และนักเรียนแพทย์มานาน รวมถึงตัวผมเองและได้ถ่ายทอดไปยังแพทย์รุ่นต่อไป ซึ่งมีประโยชน์อย่างมากและจดจำได้ง่าย ช่วยลดอาการปวดบวมก่อนที่จะมาพบแพทย์ได้ดีทีเดียว โดยเฉพาะ 24-48 ชั่วโมงแรก ก็คือหลัก RICE ย่อมาจาก R : Rest  I : Ice  C : Compression  E : Elevation เรามาลงรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับแต่ละตัวกันซักเล็กน้อยนะครับ

R : Rest การพัก

    การพักใช้งานของอวัยวะที่ได้รับบาดเจ็บเป็นสิ่งแรกที่ควรทำเพื่อลดอาการปวดบวมเลยครับ ลดการออกกำลังกายตามปกติลง ลดการประกอบกิจกรรมที่ต้องเคลื่อนไหวร่างกายมาก ๆ หากบาดเจ็บที่ขา เข่า หรือข้อเท้า ก็ไม่ควรลงน้ำหนักที่เท้าข้างที่ได้รับบาดเจ็บครับ โดยเราอาจจะใช้ไม้เท้ามาช่วยพยุงไว้ก็ได้นะครับ

I : Ice ประคบเย็น

    การประคบน้ำแข็งหรือประคบเย็นช่วยได้อย่างมากที่เดียว จะใช้อะไรก็ได้นะครับ แผ่นประคบสำเร็จรูป น้ำแข็งในถุงพลาสติกทุบให้เป็นก้อนหยาบ ๆ แล้วห่อด้วยผ้า และอีกอย่างหนึ่งที่ส่วนใหญ่เราไม่ค่อยนึกถึงก็คือ สิ่งที่แช่ในช่องแช่แข็งในตู้เย็น เช่น ข้าวโพดแช่แข็ง ก็เอามาใช้ได้นะครับ โดยวิธีใช้ก็คือประคบบริเวณที่บาดเจ็บ ครั้งละ 20 นาที วันละ 4-8 ครั้ง

C : Compression

    การพันหรือกดบีบ พอแปลเป็นภาษาไทยแล้วเข้าใจยากทีเดียวใช่ไหมครับ จริง ๆ แล้วการทำ compression สามารถทำได้ง่าย ๆ เลยโดยการพันผ้ายืด (elastic bandage) รอบแขน ขา เข่า หรือข้อเท้า เพื่อเป็นการลดปวดบวม หรือใช้อุปกรณ์สำเร็จรูปเช่น รองเท้าบูทเข้ารูป (special boot, air cast) โดยเราไม่ควรพันแน่นมากจนเกินไปและไม่หลวมจนเกินไปครับ หลักการพักควรจะเริ่มจากส่วนปลายมาจนถึงส่วนต้นนะครับ

E : Elevation

    การยกสูง หลังได้รับบาดเจ็บเราควรยกแขน ขา หรือข้อเท้าที่ได้รับการบาดเจ็บสูงเหนือหัวใจประมาณ 10 เซนติเมตรครับ จะใช้หมอนรองก็ได้นะครับ จะช่วยลดอาการปวดบวมเช่นเดียวกันครับ

    ไม่ยากเลยใช่ไหมครับทุกคนสามารถทำได้เอง แล้วยังสามารถช่วยเหลือคนอื่น ๆ รอบตัวเองได้อีกด้วยครับ หลักการนี้ผมเน้นย้ำกับนักศึกษาที่มาเรียนกับผมอยู่เป็นประจำเพื่อในไปใช้กับผู้ป่วยและสอนรุ่นน้อง ๆ ต่อไปครับ

อ.นพ.กสิสิน กลั่นกลิ่น

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